How to Start an LLC

Complete guide to forming a Limited Liability Company in the United States. Protect your personal assets while enjoying business flexibility and tax benefits.

Asset Protection
Tax Benefits
Flexibility

What is an LLC?

A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a business structure that combines the simplicity of a sole proprietorship with the liability protection of a corporation.

Limited Liability

Protect your personal assets from business debts and liabilities. Your personal property remains separate from business obligations.

Tax Flexibility

Choose how you want to be taxed - as a sole proprietor, partnership, S-corp, or C-corp. Pass-through taxation is the default.

Operational Flexibility

Fewer formalities than corporations. No required board meetings or complex record-keeping requirements.

Benefits of an LLC

  • Personal asset protection from business liabilities
  • Pass-through taxation (no double taxation)
  • Enhanced business credibility
  • Flexible ownership structure
  • Easier to obtain business financing
  • Perpetual existence

Potential Disadvantages

  • Additional state fees and filing requirements
  • Self-employment taxes may apply
  • Limited life in some states
  • More complex than sole proprietorship
  • Annual reports and fees required
  • Bank account and record separation required

How to Start an LLC: Step-by-Step Process

Follow these 7 essential steps to form your LLC successfully

1

Choose a Name for Your LLC

Name Requirements:

  • Must include "LLC" or "Limited Liability Company"
  • Must be distinguishable from existing business names
  • Cannot contain restricted words without proper licensing
  • Should not infringe on trademarks
Pro Tip: Search your state's business database to check name availability. Consider reserving your name if you need time before filing.
2

Appoint a Registered Agent

A registered agent is a person or business that accepts legal documents on behalf of your LLC.

Requirements:

  • Must have a physical address in the state of formation
  • Must be available during business hours
  • Can be yourself, a friend, or a professional service
DIY Option: Serve as your own registered agent if you have a physical address in the state and are available during business hours.
Professional Service: Hire a registered agent service ($50-300/year) for privacy and reliability.
3

File Articles of Organization

The Articles of Organization is the legal document that officially creates your LLC.

Required Information:

  • LLC name
  • Principal business address
  • Registered agent information
  • Duration of LLC (perpetual or specific end date)
  • Purpose of business (can be general)
  • Organizer information
Filing Options: Most states offer online filing ($50-500), mail filing, or in-person filing. Online is typically fastest.
4

Create an Operating Agreement

While not required in all states, an Operating Agreement is crucial for defining how your LLC operates.

Key Components:

  • Ownership percentages
  • Member roles and responsibilities
  • Profit and loss distribution
  • Voting procedures
  • Buy-sell provisions
  • Dissolution procedures
  • Management structure
  • Capital contributions
Important: Even single-member LLCs should have an Operating Agreement to maintain liability protection and establish business legitimacy.
5

Obtain an EIN (Employer Identification Number)

An EIN is required for tax purposes and to open a business bank account.

When You Need an EIN:

  • Multi-member LLC
  • Single-member LLC with employees
  • Opening a business bank account
  • Electing corporate tax treatment
Free Application: Apply directly through the IRS website (irs.gov). The application is free and typically processed immediately online.
6

Open a Business Bank Account

Separate your personal and business finances to maintain liability protection.

Required Documents:

  • Articles of Organization
  • EIN confirmation letter
  • Operating Agreement
  • Personal identification
  • Initial deposit
Bank Selection Tips: Compare fees, minimum balances, online banking features, and business services offered by different banks.
7

Obtain Necessary Licenses and Permits

License requirements vary by business type, location, and industry.

Common License Types:

  • General business license
  • Professional licenses
  • Health department permits
  • Building permits
  • Sales tax permits
  • Environmental permits
  • Fire department permits
  • Zoning permits
Research Required: Check with federal, state, and local authorities to determine what licenses and permits your specific business needs.

State-by-State LLC Formation

Each state has different requirements and costs for forming an LLC

Delaware

Filing Fee: $90
Annual Tax: $300
Processing Time: 1-2 weeks
Best For: Businesses seeking investor funding, flexible corporate law

Nevada

Filing Fee: $75
Annual Fee: $350
Processing Time: 1-3 weeks
Best For: Privacy protection, no state income tax

Wyoming

Filing Fee: $100
Annual Fee: $50
Processing Time: 1-2 weeks
Best For: Low costs, privacy protection, asset protection

Factors to Consider When Choosing a State

Cost Considerations

  • Filing Fees: Range from $40 (Kentucky) to $500 (Massachusetts)
  • Annual Fees: Some states charge annual reports or franchise taxes
  • State Taxes: Consider income tax, sales tax, and other business taxes

Other Important Factors

  • Privacy Laws: Some states don't require member names in public filings
  • Legal Environment: Business-friendly courts and established case law
  • Processing Time: How quickly your LLC will be approved

LLC Formation Costs

Understand all the costs involved in starting and maintaining your LLC

Initial Formation Costs

State Filing Fee $40 - $500
Registered Agent (Annual) $0 - $300
Operating Agreement $0 - $1,500
EIN Application Free
Business Licenses $50 - $1,000+
Total Initial Cost $90 - $3,300+

Annual Ongoing Costs

Annual Report Fee $0 - $800
Registered Agent Fee $50 - $300
Business License Renewal $25 - $500
Tax Preparation $200 - $1,000+
Business Insurance $300 - $2,000+
Total Annual Cost $575 - $4,600+

Money-Saving Tips

Self-Service Options

Serve as your own registered agent and draft your own operating agreement using templates.

Choose Your State Wisely

Form in your home state unless you have specific reasons to form elsewhere to avoid foreign qualification fees.

Shop Around

Compare filing services, registered agent providers, and professional services to find the best deals.

LLC Tax Information

Understand how your LLC will be taxed and your options

Default Tax Classification

Single-Member LLC

Taxed as a "disregarded entity" - profits and losses pass through to your personal tax return (Schedule C).

Multi-Member LLC

Taxed as a partnership - LLC files Form 1065, members receive K-1s for their personal returns.

Tax Election Options

S-Corporation Election

Potentially reduce self-employment taxes. File Form 2553 within 75 days of formation.

C-Corporation Election

Subject to corporate tax rates and double taxation. Less common for LLCs.

Tax Advantages of LLCs

Pass-Through Taxation

Avoid double taxation - business income is only taxed once at the personal level.

Business Deductions

Deduct business expenses, including home office, business meals, and travel.

Flexible Profit Distribution

Distribute profits and losses among members based on your operating agreement.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about starting an LLC

How long does it take to form an LLC?

Processing times vary by state, typically ranging from 1-4 weeks for standard processing. Many states offer expedited processing for an additional fee, which can reduce the time to 1-3 business days.

Can I form an LLC with just one person?

Yes, all 50 states allow single-member LLCs. You don't need partners or co-owners to form an LLC. Single-member LLCs provide the same liability protection as multi-member LLCs.

Do I need a lawyer to start an LLC?

No, you can form an LLC yourself by filing the Articles of Organization with your state. However, consulting with a lawyer or accountant can be helpful for complex business structures or specific legal questions.

What's the difference between an LLC and a corporation?

LLCs offer more operational flexibility, pass-through taxation, and simpler record-keeping requirements. Corporations offer better options for raising investment capital and going public but have more formalities and potential double taxation.

Can I change my LLC name later?

Yes, but it requires filing an amendment to your Articles of Organization with your state and paying a filing fee. You'll also need to update your business licenses, bank accounts, and other business documents.

Do I need business insurance for my LLC?

While not legally required to form an LLC, business insurance is highly recommended. General liability insurance protects against claims, and professional liability insurance may be required for certain professions.

Can I convert my existing business to an LLC?

Yes, you can typically convert a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation to an LLC. The process varies by state and current business structure, and may have tax implications.

What happens if I don't file annual reports?

Failure to file required annual reports can result in late fees, penalties, and eventually administrative dissolution of your LLC. Requirements and deadlines vary by state.

Ready to Start Your LLC?

Follow our step-by-step guide and start building your business with confidence. Protect your personal assets while enjoying the flexibility and tax benefits of an LLC.

Quick Formation

Get your LLC approved in as little as 1-3 business days with expedited processing

Affordable Options

Start your LLC for as little as $40-100 in state filing fees

Expert Guidance

Get professional help when you need it for complex situations